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- December 24, 1984CENTRAL AMERICASupport Your Local Guerrillas
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- Six months after U.S. funds stop, the contras turn elsewhere
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- "Once the mule is saddled and mounted, there is no turning back."
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- -- Honduran proverb
-
- Like the proverbial mule, the contras fighting the Sandinista
- government of Nicaragua just keep plodding along. Six months
- after the U.S. Congress voted to cut off their covert Central
- Intelligence Agency funding, the rebels have come to depend
- increasingly on supplies and money from private U.S. sources.
- Economic hardship has forced the guerrilla factions to halt their
- frequent bickering, but a united front remains elusive. The war
- itself has quieted down, with the insurgents avoiding battles
- with Nicaraguan troops in favor of ambushes and hit-and-run
- strikes. The overall reality, however, has not changed: the
- contras right now are too small in number and too ill equipped to
- threaten the Sandinistas seriously, but they are also too
- stubborn to give up. "The contras know they can't win, but they
- won't admit it," says a prominent Honduran businessman. "At
- first they thought they would sweep into Managua. Now they know
- they are in a quagmire."
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- The rebels contend that the future is not that bleak. The
- Nicaraguan Democratic Force (FDN), the largest of the guerrilla
- groups, has about 6,000 troops, up from 4,500 a year ago, deep
- inside Nicaragua, FDN Leader Adolfo Calero Portocarrero says he
- is close to linking forces with the Revolutionary Democratic
- Alliance (ARDE), another contra group operating in southern
- Nicaragua. The chiefs of two Miskito Indian rebel groups remain
- at odds, but disgruntled commanders in both camps are trying to
- forge an alliance on the battlefield. Though many divisions
- remain, the FDN is gradually exerting its control over the entire
- contra movement. "There is an awakening toward the necessity of
- a joint effort by all the forces," says Calero.
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- Many contras, however, are barely surviving. Times have been
- hardest for Eden Pastora Gomez, the volatile leader of an ARDE
- branch that at one time had as many as 2,500 men. Over the past
- few months, hundreds of his supporters have sought refuge in
- Costa Rica, where many of them have sold their $1,000 automatic
- weapons for as little as $100. "In the best month, we got
- $600,000 from the gringos," recalls a Pastora aide. "Now, we get
- nothing. If one of us manages to scrape together $5,000, we buy
- rice and maybe 20,000 rounds of ammunition." Last month Pastora
- sought temporary asylum for himself and 700 of his followers in
- Costa Rica, but the authorities refused him.
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- Though official U.S. aid has dried up, CIA agents still
- reportedly advise contra leaders on military tactics. The rebels
- have tapped fresh sources of support; among the countries rumored
- to give assistance are Colombia and Taiwan. Help also comes from
- Nicaraguan and Cuban exiles living in Florida as well as from a
- network of conservative groups in the U.S. Food, clothing and
- medical supplies have been sent to the families of contras by
- such organizations as the Christian Broadcasting Network, headed
- by Virginia Television Evangelist M.G. ("Pat") Robertson, and the
- Friends of the Americas, a Louisiana-based group dedicated to
- fighting communism. Many of these efforts are coordinated by the
- American chapter of the World Anti-Communist League, headed by
- retired U.S. Army General John Singlaub, 63. He boasts that he
- and others have raised about $500,000 a month for the FDN since
- May, but contra leaders say that is an exaggeration.
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- Some U.S. groups offer men as well as money. The Civilian
- Military Assistance, an obscure anti-Communist organization in
- Alabama, is said to have sent several men to serve with the
- guerrillas. Two CMA members were killed in September when their
- helicopter was shot down during a rebel air assault. The group's
- leaders have told the FDN that they have the names of 3,000
- Americans eager to help the contras. U.S. officials, perhaps
- skeptical of CMA's figure, profess not to be overly concerned.
- "If Americans give indirect support to the contras, more power to
- them," said a Reagan aide. "But participating in gun battles
- inside Nicaragua? We'd rather they didn't."
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- The White House plans to try again next year to persuade Capitol
- Hill to restore contra funding. Congress approved $14 million in
- CIA aid for the rebels in October, but insisted that Reagan
- submit the proposal for a second vote in March before the funds
- could be spent. Passage may be more difficult than the
- Administration expects. Republican Richard Lugar of Indiana, the
- new chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, predicted
- last week that Congress would reject requests for more aid.
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- Some U.S. officials contend that the contras will be in danger of
- extinction next year unless they receive more arms. According to
- Washington, the Sandinistas are assembling up to a dozen Soviet-
- made Mi-24 Hind helicopters capable of flying some 200 m.p.h. and
- carrying air-to-surface missiles. To counter the lethal
- gunships, the rebels would need Redeye or SA-7 antiaircraft
- missiles. A member of the intelligence community points out that
- the FDN already has run out of ammunition for its grenade
- launchers, M-60 machine guns and anti-tank weapons, and must rely
- almost entirely on hand-held weapons. The possibility that the
- contras might collapse has begun to be voiced by others. In
- return for continuing to allow them to operate from Honduras, the
- government there has asked Washington for guarantees that it
- would resettle the rebels in the U.S. if their crusade fails.
- Concludes a top U.S. official: "Potentially, they are in very
- bad shape."
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- The Sandinistas suffered some embarrassments of their own last
- week. After five years of warnings, the Society of Jesus
- expelled Fernando Cardenal Martinez when the priest refused to
- resign as Nicaragua's Education Minister. Jesuit officials in
- Rome cited a 1983 canon law that forbids priests to hold posts
- that carry civil powers. In a 19-page open letter, Cardenal
- defended his job as a "pact with the poor." There was no word
- from the Vatican on the three other priests in the Nicaraguan
- government, including Foreign Minister Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann.
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- Three days after Cardenal's expulsion, Pedro Joaquin Chamorro
- Jr., editor of La Prensa, the country's only opposition paper,
- announced that he had temporarily moved to Costa Rica. Chamorro
- charged that censorship and travel restrictions had grown so
- severe since last month's national elections that life had become
- "impossible." It is a measure of the task facing the contras
- that they have so far been unable to turn discontent like
- Chamorro's into support for their own cause.
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- By James Kelly. Reported by Ricardo Chavira/Tegucigalpa and Ross
- H. Munro/Washington
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